A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Level of Knowledge and Practice on Domestic Chlorination of Well Among Homemakers of The Selected Urban Community in Kachery, Thrissur
Deleena A. J.1, Delna Mary George1, Delsey Joseph1, Dona M. Rajan1, Jisna Joy1, Josmy Joseph1,
Lakshmi Ajayakumar1, Mariya Johny1, Phiyona Johny1, Ambily Ulahannan2, Seeja Jacob3,
Angela Gnanadurai4
1Fourth Year B.Sc Nursing, Students, Jubilee Mission College of Nursing, Kachery, Thrissur.
2Lecturer, Jubilee Mission College of Nursing, Kachery, Thrissur.
3Asst. Professor, Jubilee Mission College of Nursing, Kachery, Thrissur.
4Professor, Jubilee Mission College of Nursing, Kachery, Thrissur.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: seejajacob2010@gmail.com, delseyjoseph15@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on level of knowledge and practice of domestic chlorination of well among home makers of the selected urban community in Kachery, Thrissur. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and practice on domestic chlorination of well among homemakers of the selected urban community in Kachery, Thrissur, before and after intervention. To compare the level of knowledge and practice on domestic chlorination of well among homemakers of the selected urban community in Kachery, Thrissur. To correlate the knowledge and practice on domestic chlorination of well among homemakers of the selected urban community in Kachery, Thrissur. after. Methodology: A Pre experimental one group - pretest - post test design is adopted to the present study. We selected 40 samples through non probability Purposive Sampling Technique. Domestic chlorination awareness questionnaire was administered by interview method for assessing pretest level of knowledge. After the pretest, a structured teaching programme was given to the subjects and post test was conducted on the 4th day with same questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the demographic data contain frequency and percentage distribution of samples showed that with regard to age, majority of the samples 22 (55%) were the group of 46-55 years age, most of the samples 21 (52.50%) had ≤4 members and 6 (7.50%) had only six members. Regarding the religion, most of them were 35 (87.50%) Christian and only 5 (12.50%) belongs to Hindu religion. Majority 34 (85%) of samples were unemployed. With regard to education, 15(37.50%) of samples were primary educated and 14 (35%) were secondary educated and only11 927.50%) were graduated. In the post test checklist, 100% had adequate knowledge regarding the steps of chlorination. There is highly positive correlation between post test knowledge and practice Discussion: At the end of the study, investigation team found that the level of knowledge of homemakers on domestic chlorination of well were inadequate before the administration of structured teaching programme. The structured teaching programme was able to provide more knowledge about domestic chlorination of well, which was evident in the post test knowledge score.
KEYWORDS: Domestic chlorination, well, home makers, urban community, Knowledge, demonstration.
INTRODUCTION:
Water is a basic and most essential element of human life. It also act as the major source of infection, if it is not adequately protected from source of infection. Clean water is essential for life but most people in the developed world don’t think much about the water they used for drinking, food preparation and sanitation.1 In developing nation, however the search for safe drinking water can be daily crisis. Millions of people in each year are affected most of them are children from largely preventable disease caused by lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation. Infectious diseases, like cholera, typhoid, fever, and other diseases like gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, vomiting, skin and kidney problems are spreading through the polluted water.75% - 80% of water pollution caused by sewage water. 2In India over five years to 2017, water borne diseases cholera, diarrhoea, typhoid and viral hepatitis caused 10,738 death, data show diarrhoea is the leading killer about 60 % of all death. In order to combat water borne diseases, different disinfection methods are used to inactivate pathogens. Chlorination is one of many methods that can be used to disinfect water.3 It is a chemical disinfection method that uses various type of chlorine or chlorine containing substances for the oxidation and disinfection of what will be the potable water source. A leading advantage of chlorine is that it has proven effective against bacteria and viruses, however it cannot inactivate all microbes.4 Chlorine is added to raw water to eliminate algae and other forms of aquatic life from the water so they won’t cause problems in the later stages of water treatment .
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Reasearch approach:
Research approach of this study is quantitative approach which enables to quantify the data obtained from samples as numerical form.
Research design:
The research design used in this study was pre- experimental one group - pretest - post test design.5
Setting:
Study conducted in urban area of Kachery, Thrissur.
Population:
Population consists of homemakers from a selected community.6
Sample and sample size:
sample is 40 home makers from the selected urban community who fulfill the inclusion criteria.7
Sampling technique:
Non probability Purposive Sampling Technique.
Description and Scoring of Data Collection Tools:
Section A - Socio demographic and cultural data
It consists of age, number of family members, religion, education, marital status, economic status, area of living, water source, contamination sources, distance between water and contamination source, knowledge regarding purification of well, media for knowledge.
Section B -Structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of domestic chlorination of well
The researcher developed a questionnaire on knowledge on domestic chlorination of well. It includes 15 questions which consist of questions from two domains. Domain one includes of eight questions related to concept of chlorination, Domain two contains seven questions on technique of chlorination of well. 5
Level of knowledge and scoring Percentage
The score will be interpreted as follows:
|
Level of knowledge Scoring Percentage |
|
Adequate 12-15 80-100% |
|
Moderately adequate 9-11 60-80% |
|
Inadequate <9 <60% |
Section C - Practice Checklist:
It consists of ten questions to assess the practice on chlorination of well among homemakers in selected urban areas kachery. For each correct response score of one is given and for incorrect response, score is zero. Thus the maximum score for this section is ten and minimum score is zero.
The score will be interpreted as follows:
|
Level of practice Scoring Percentage |
|
Adequate 7-10 70-100% |
|
Moderately adequate 3-6 30-60% |
Data Analysis and Intrepretation
Table :1 socio demographic and cultural data n = 40
|
Sl. No |
Demographic Variables |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
1. |
Age |
|
|
|
|
25 - 35 YRS |
5 |
12.50% |
|
|
36-45 YRS |
9 |
22.50% |
|
|
46-55 YRS |
22 |
55% |
|
|
56-60 YRS |
4 |
10% |
|
2. |
Family Members |
|
|
|
|
≤4 |
21 |
52.50% |
|
5 |
10 |
25% |
|
|
6 |
3 |
7.50% |
|
|
>7 |
6 |
15% |
|
|
3. |
Religion |
|
|
|
|
Hindu |
5 |
12.50% |
|
|
Christian |
35 |
87.50% |
|
|
Muslim |
0 |
0% |
|
|
Others |
0 |
0% |
|
4. |
Occupation |
|
|
|
|
Self Employed |
3 |
7.50% |
|
|
Unemployed |
34 |
85% |
|
|
Govt Employed |
0 |
0% |
|
|
Private |
3 |
7.5% |
|
5. |
Education |
|
|
|
|
Primary |
15 |
37.50% |
|
|
Secondary |
14 |
35% |
|
|
Graduate |
11 |
27.50% |
|
|
Post graduate |
0 |
0% |
|
6. |
Marital Status |
|
|
|
|
Married |
40 |
100% |
|
|
Unmarried |
0 |
0% |
|
|
Widow |
0 |
0% |
|
|
Widower |
0 |
0% |
|
7. |
Economic Status |
|
|
|
|
APL |
37 |
92.50% |
|
|
BPL |
3 |
7.5% |
This section deals with analysis of demographic and cultural variables of subjects from the selected area of kachery. The data collected by using a structured questionnaire. The result present the fact that, With regard to age, majority of the samples 22 (55%) were the group of 46-55 years age and only 4 (10%) belongs to age group of 56- 60 years. 2.Majority of the samples 21(52.50%) had ≤4 members and 3 (7.50%) had only six members. Majority of samples belongs to 35 (87.50%) Christian religion and only 5 (12.50%) belongs to Hindu religion. 34(85%) of samples were unemployed and only 3 (7.50%) were self employed. 15 (37.50%) of samples were primary educated and 14 (35%) were secondary educated and only 11 (27.50%) were graduated.
Table2: Distribution of sample based on Pretest and post test knowledge on domestic chlorination of well among homemakers
n = 40
|
Level of Knowledge |
F |
Pre Test % |
F |
Post Test-% |
|
Adequate |
1 |
2.5 |
39 |
97.5 |
|
Moderately adequate |
5 |
12.5 |
1 |
2.5 |
|
Inadequate |
34 |
85 |
0 |
0 |
The present study findings showed that in pretest there were only one with adequate knowledge level , 12.5% had moderately knowledge and 85% of samples had inadequate level of knowledge.In the post test 97.5% of them were adequately knowledgeable and 2.5% were moderate and no one had inadequate knowledge.
Table2: comparison between pretest and post test knowledge of homemakers regarding domestic chlorination of well. n = 40
|
Level of Knowledge |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
t Value |
Degree of Freedom |
Value |
|
Pretest |
5 |
2.103 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20.34 |
39 |
0.373 |
|
Post test |
13.5 |
1.078 |
|
|
|
Significant at p=0.05
The findings of present study showed that planned teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of homemakers between the age group of 25-60 years.The mean pretest score was five and post test score was 13.5.The calculated t value was 20.34 was higher than the table value. Hence there is a significant association between pretest and post test level of knowledge on domestic chlorination of well.
Table 3: Correlation between knowledge and practice on domestic chlorination of well among homemakers.
|
Sl. No. |
Variables |
Maxi mum Score |
Mean |
SD |
r |
p Value |
|
1 |
Knowledge |
15 |
13.5 |
1.078 |
0.55 |
0.325 |
|
Practice |
10 |
8.5 |
0.787 |
The present study finding showed that, highly positive correlation between post test knowledge and practice. The mean post test knowledge score was 13.5 and post test practice score was 8.5. The calculated r value was 0.55 which is 0 < r < 1. So post test knowledge were highly positive correlation with post test practice.
RESULTS:
The demographic profile of selected population shows that, majority of samples (55%) were the age group of 46-55 years and only(10%) belongs to the age group of 50-60 years.
In pretest there were only one with adequate knowledge level,12.5% had moderately knowledge and 85% of samples had inadequate level of knowledge .In post test 97.5% of them were adequately knowledgeable and 2.5% were moderately and no one had inadequate knowledge and practice on domestic chlorination of well after intervention.And 100% had adequate practice.
Significant association between pre test and post test level of knowledge on domestic chlorination of well.And highly positive correlation between post test knowledge and practice.But there is no significant association between pretest level of knowledge with socio-demographic variables.
CONCLUSION:
The major conclusion drawn from the study are:
· Planned teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge among homemakers between the age group of 25-60years .The calculated t value (20.34)was higher than the table value at p=0.05.Hence there is a significant association between pretest and post test knowledge on domestic chlorination of well.
· There is highly positive correlation between the post test knowledge and practice.(r value was 0.55 which is 0 < r <1
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2. Fink G, Günther I, Hill K. The effect of water and sanitation on child health: evidence from the demographic and health surveys1986- 2007. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2011 Jun 30; 40 (5): 1196-204.
3. Crider Y, Sultana S, Unicomb L, Davis J, Luby SP, Pickering AJ. Canyoutasteit? Taste detection and acceptability thresholds for chlorine residual in drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Science of The Total Environment. 2018 Feb1; 613: 840-6.
4. WHO (2016) Guide Lines for Drinking Water Quality. Volume1.5th Edition.
5. K. Park, Park's Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine. 24th edition. Bansaridas Bhanot Publication. Page no 751-756.
6. Meckes MC. Effect of Disinfection on Antibiotic-resistant coliforms in waste water effluents. Appl. Environ. Microbl. 1982 Feb 1;43(2):371-7
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Received on 05.09.2021 Modified on 27.09.2021
Accepted on 11.10.2021 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2022; 10(1):67-70.
DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00017